A Study of Clinical and Histopathological profile of nephrotic syndrome patients in a tertiary care hospital

Dr Harshit Khurana; Dr. Md Golap Hussain; Dr Vijoy Kumar Jha

Volume : X, Issue : II, February - 2020

A Study of Clinical and Histopathological profile of nephrotic syndrome patients in a tertiary care hospital

Dr Harshit Khurana, Dr. Md Golap Hussain, Dr Vijoy Kumar Jha

Abstract :

Introduction: Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is an important etiology of chronic kidney disease. Patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome / nephritic syndrome if not properly treated or even after appropriate treatment, may turn into chronic glomerulonephritis leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome with a characteristic pentad of nephrotic range proteinuria, edema, hypercholesterolemia, lipiduria and hypercoagulability. The syndrome is pathognomonic of glomerular disease. Objectives: This study is being undertaken to find out the Clinical and histopathological profile of Nephrotic Syndrome patients. Methods: This observational study was carried out in the Department of Nephrology of Command Hospital Airforce Bangalore. Renal biopsy data and clinical profile of patients were collected from the documents of the patients and their old records available. All the clinical, biochemical profile and biopsy data available were studied . Results: Total 141 nephrotic syndrome patients were included in the study and mean age group was 37.82 ±14.87 year. Predominant age group having glomerular disease was 21–30 yrs. In elderly patients (>60 year of age) glomerular diseases were less commonly observed. The most common glomerular disease was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis which was detected in 34 cases (24.1%). Conclusions: Predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome in our study was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Though clinical manifestation of IgA nephropathy is microscopic hematuria and sub–nephrotic proteinuria in the present study, it was the third most common cause of nephrotic syndrome. The secondary infections and venous thrombosis is not so uncommon in the setting of nephrotic syndrome. Majority of the patients (78.01%) have 24 hour urinary protein in the range of 3.5 to 5 gram.