Reduction in the incidence of Transfusion Reaction by Transfusion of Blood Component Vs Whole Blood: A Retrospective comparative Study in a tertiary care Medical College from North India

Shailesh kumar Mishra; Shivani Kalhan; Nand Kishore Singh

Volume : X, Issue : II, February - 2020

Reduction in the incidence of Transfusion Reaction by Transfusion of Blood Component Vs Whole Blood: A Retrospective comparative Study in a tertiary care Medical College from North India

Shailesh Kumar Mishra, Shivani Kalhan, Nand Kishore Singh

Abstract :

Background: National blood policy requires setting up a blood component monitoring & evaluation system to ensure quality blood & blood component supply. This is achieved by haemovigilance programme run by National Institute of Biologicals where data regarding transfusion reaction is reported. Objective: The objective of this study is to monitor transfusion reactions & create awareness regarding blood component use instead of whole blood among health care professionals. Aim: To find out the comparative incidence of transfusion reaction by blood component and whole blood and to find the reduction in the incidence of transfusion reaction with the use of blood component as compared to whole blood with the aim to improve Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) for safe blood supply & to encourage appropriate clinical use of blood components. Materials & Methods & statistics: The study was conducted in Blood Bank SHKM Govt. Medical College Nalhar. The data was collected from August 2016 to December 2019. It was a retrospective comparative study. Total number of Blood unit collected were 19,426 and blood unit transfused to the patients were 23,256 unit (Whole blood– 7,836 unit {33.6%} & blood Component–15,420 {66.4%} during the study period. Transfusion reactions reported during this period were 62 (0.266 %), out of which 50 (80.64 %) were from Whole blood 10 from PRBC, & 02 from FFP (19.35% from all components). Results: All the reported transfusion reaction were mild reactions, either FNTHR or allergic reactions mainly. Four fifth of transfusion reaction occurred from 33% (1 part ) of total transfusion ( from Whole blood ) whereas nearly one fifth of transfusion reaction occurred from 66% ( 2 part ) of total transfusion (from all the transfused components) The incidence of Transfusion reaction was more with whole blood compared to blood components. Conclusion: The frequency of TRs in our patients was found to be 0.266% (62 out of 23,256). There was reduction of incidence of transfusion reaction with the use of blood component as compared to whole blood. There is reduction in the incidence of transfusion reaction with the use of blood component as compared to whole blood. The awareness amongst clinical counterpart will benefit in understanding the appropriate clinical use of b blood components. Proper filling of Transfusion reaction forms with the necessary details, both positive and negative findings of reaction & investigation of transfusion reactions as per laid down procedures needs to be strictly adhered to. Use of blood components instead of whole blood should be encouraged.