Volume : VII, Issue : VII, July - 2017

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF OESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Meenakshmi Somasundaram, Shobana

Abstract :

 INTRODUCTION

Esophageal cancer is the 5th and 7th most common cancer in males and females, respectively.. Only two histopathological variants are commonly seen, namely squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is more common than adenocarcinoma until recently.Now, the incidence of adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett‘s esophagus is increasing, and the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is decreasing. This study is a retrospective one which includes 150 oesophageal biopsies and specimens sent from the medical, surgical and surgical gastroenterology departments                                  MATERIALS AND METHODS

                This  study is undertakeni during the period from August 2013 to August 2015. During this study period, both the surgical specimens and biopsy material were processed and histopathological diagnosis was made in the department of pathology.. All the resected specimens were fixed in 10% formalin for 24–48 hours.

The biopsies were submitted in toto for histopathological examination. From the specimens, detailed gross examination was done, including tumor size, type of growth, depth of invasion, margin status and presence and number of lymph nodes. Bits were taken according to the recommendations The tissue slice was processed in various grades of alcohol and xylol and embedded in the paraffin wax. Paraffin sections of 4um thickness were subjected to routine Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining.                                

  OBSERVATION AND RESULTS       

         This study is a retrospective one which includes 150 oesophageal biopsies and specimens  during the period of August 2013 to August 2015.

           Out of the 150 samples, 113 were biopsies and 37 were surgical specimens. Of that10 were negative for malignancy on histopathological examination. The rest of 140 samples were taken for study.

         Incidence of esophageal carcinoma was 6.16%. Out of 140 materials including in the biopsies and specimen taken for the study excluding the 10 which were negative for malignancy,131 were diagnosed as carcinoma, and 9 were squamous intraepithelial neoplasm(both high grade and low grade. 

          More number of cases in the middle 1/3 , 2nd most common site is OG junction and least common site is upper1/3.. Among squamous cell carcinomas were common in  the middle1/3 of esophagus (51/92 cases of squamous cell carcinomas).

        For Adenocarcinoma,common site was OG junction–21 cases were reported out of 32 cases of Adenocarcinomas. Basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma was 1 in number, located in the lower 1/3.Spindle cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma was one in number, located in middle 1/3. High Grade squamous intraepithelial lesion were 4 in number(2–upper,1–middle,1–lower)

CONCLUSIONS

     In this study, of the total 150 esophageal biopsies and specimens received 131 are carcinomas and 9 are squamous intraepithelial lesions.Esophageal carcinomas incidence is 6.16% of all cancers in the study period from August 2013 to August 2015.The age incidence ranges from 26 to 83 years with median of 54.5 years. Male to Female ratio was 3:2.The maximum number of lesions occurred in the middle one third of esophagus (41.43%) followed by oesophago gastric junction (26.43), lower one third 17.14% and least number of lesions were seen in the upper one third (15%) of esophagus. Adenocarcinoma is restricted to the lower one third and gastro esophageal junction, while squamous cell carcinomas was found in all the portion of esophagus and the commonest site  is in the middle third.

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Article: Download PDF   DOI : 10.36106/ijar  

Cite This Article:

MEENAKSHMI SOMASUNDARAM, SHOBANA, RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF OESOPHAGEAL CANCER, INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH : Volume‾7 | Issue‾7 | July‾2017


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