Study of Clinico–etiological profile of Neonate with Neonatal Seizure Admitted in NICU at a Tertiary care Hospital in Bihar

Dr. Satish Kumar; Dr Ankur Priyadarshi

Volume : VII, Issue : VI, June - 2017

Study of Clinico–etiological profile of Neonate with Neonatal Seizure Admitted in NICU at a Tertiary care Hospital in Bihar

Dr. Satish Kumar, Dr Ankur Priyadarshi

Abstract :

Background: Neonatal seizures (NS) are the most frequent and distinctive clinical manifestation of neurological dysfunction in the newborn infant. Infants with NS are at a high risk of neonatal death or neurological impairment/epilepsy disorders in later life. Objective: To determine the incidence and etiology of seizures among neonates admitted to NICU at JLN Medical College & hospital, Bhagalpur Methodology: The present study is a descriptive study which was conducted in the NICU at JLN Medical College & hospital, Bhagalpur a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Bihar with a period of one year from Feuary 2016 to January 2017. During the study period, all admitted neonatal cases were examined and data on neonatal seizures was ascertained. Among admitted neonates, having seizures either at presentation or during their stay in the hospital were investigated for its cause. In order to determine the etiology of seizures, metabolic profile including blood glucose, serum calcium and sodium levels and other necessary tests were done in all cases. Results: Seizures were observed in 140/1240 (11.2%) of neonatal admissions and 57.1% neonates had seizures during the first 72 hours of life. Commonest types of seizures observed in this study were subtle (42.2%) followed by tonic (32.8%), clonic (20%) and myoclonic (5%) seizures. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was found to be the commonest cause (50.7%) of neonatal seizures, followed by hypoglycemia (18.6%) and hypocalcemia (10%). Conclusion: Neonatal seizures were found in about 11% of neonatal admissions and presented most commonly as subtle type. Birth asphyxia was the commonest etiology of neonatal seizures, followed by the metabolic causes.