TO EVALUATE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIABETIC MACULAR OEDEMA IN FUNDUS FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY ALONG WITH VARIOUS BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Ravi Chauhan; Sudheer Verma; Bhupesh Bhatkoti; Poninder Kumar

Volume : X, Issue : VIII, August - 2020

TO EVALUATE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIABETIC MACULAR OEDEMA IN FUNDUS FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY ALONG WITH VARIOUS BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Ravi Chauhan, Sudheer Verma, Bhupesh Bhatkoti, Poninder Kumar

Abstract :

Introduction: To study the correlation between biochemical parameters like blood sugar, HbA1c, serum creatinine and lipid profile and diabetic macular oedema (DME) changes as seen on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Materials & Methods: An observational, analytical, cross–sectional and hospital–based study where diabetic patients attending the Department of Ophthalmology at army hospital in central India were studied for the characteristics of diabetic macular oedema and its association with various biochemical parameters and systemic co–morbidity. Results: Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy was seen in 66% patients and Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 34% patients. All patients had clinically significant macular oedema on FFA of which 56% had focal DME and 44% had diffuse DME. Central macular thickness (CMT) >300µm was seen in 74% of all cases. 36% of patients had hypertension as the most common comorbidity. 72% had HbA1c level >6.5% of which 84.21% patients were with CMT >300µm. Serum creatinine >1.2mg/dl was seen in 26% of total patients of DME, more in diffuse type (40.90%) patient. 71% of focal type and 95% of diffuse had elevated fasting blood sugar level (FBS). 89% patients with CMT >300µm were found have elevated FBS level. 82% patients of diffuse DME and CMT >300µm had postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) >150mg/dl. 86% of all PDR patients had elevated PPBS. Serum cholesterol level was high in 77% patients of diffuse DME and in 11% patients of focal DME. Serum LDL and VLDL level was not significantly associated with the severity of DME. Conclusions: PDR is more common in patients who have elevated PPBS. Elevated HbA1c, raised fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels are an independent single risk factor for DME and reduction of HbA1c levels with tight glycaemic control decreases the rates of DME. Elevated serum creatinine and cholesterol levels could be risk factors particularly for diffuse DME.